What is dysphagia?

UNDERSTANDING DYSPHAGIA: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND DIAGNOSIS

 

 

 

Dysphagia prevents proper swallowing of food and liquids, which can affect well-being and lead to complications if left untreated.

It results from several factors grouped into three main categories:

 

• Neurological causes: Stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis disrupt the muscles involved in swallowing.
• Mechanical or structural causes: Gastroesophageal reflux, tumors, and abnormalities such as Zenker’s diverticulum obstruct the passage of food.
• Muscular causes: Achalasia and esophageal spasms alter the function of the esophagus.

 

 

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

Dysphagia manifests in various ways. Here are the signs to watch for:

 

• Difficulty swallowing: Food seems stuck in the throat or chest.
• Pain while swallowing: Discomfort or pain accompanies swallowing.
• Regurgitation: Food or liquids come back up involuntarily.
• Coughing or choking: Mainly occurs while eating or drinking.
• Hoarse voice: The voice changes after swallowing.
• Unexplained weight loss: May result from fear or difficulty eating.
• Frequent respiratory infections: Occur when food or liquids enter the airways.

 

HOW IS DYSPHAGIA DIAGNOSED?

Doctors use several tests to identify the cause of the condition:

 

• Barium swallow test: This test is important as it allows swallowing to be observed using X-rays.
• Endoscopy: A camera inserted into the esophagus explores the digestive tract.
• Esophageal manometry: Evaluates pressure and movements in the esophagus.
• Speech therapy assessment: Analyzes swallowing mechanics to detect possible dysfunctions.
• Respiratory and nutritional tests: Help assess the effects of dysphagia on health.

An adapted diet enhances comfort as it helps prevent complications related to dysphagia.